A state of emergency allows government officials to recommend specific actions that citizens should take during a disaster, such as closing schools or travel restrictions. Each situation is different, and instructions will vary based on the incident. It is important that citizens pay attention to local media and remain informed.
In some cases, the Governor and MEMA may request that large or small private businesses close or delay openings. The Governor and MEMA will also work to notify citizens of travel restrictions if necessary, including the use of social media platforms, public service announcements, DOT highway signs and law enforcement teletypes.
States may also declare emergencies that are more limited in scope than a national emergency, and these emergencies can affect specific geographic areas of the state or specific communities. These emergencies typically require a specific public health threat level that requires an official state response.
A declaration of a state of emergency gives the New Jersey Office of Emergency Management (NJOEM) authority to direct and control resources and assets across multiple departments, including the State Police, Department of Transportation, the NJOEM Health Unit, and more.
A national emergency declaration, however, gives the president access to at least 150 statutory powers without the need for Congress to weigh in. Some of these powers seem measured and sensible, but others are reminiscent of authoritarian regimes. The Brennan Center’s original research cataloged these powers, and since then, presidential use of these tools has only grown.
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